Philippine Law Central

BOOK THREE
CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT

Title I: WORKING CONDITIONS AND REST PERIODS

Chapter I
HOURS OF WORK

ART. 82. Coverage. – The provisions of this Title shall apply to employees in all establishments and undertakings whether for profit or not, but not to government employees, managerial employees, field personnel, members of the family of the employer who are dependent on him for support, domestic helpers, persons in the personal service of another, and workers who are paid by results as determined by the Secretary of Labor in appropriate regulations.

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BOOK FOUR
HEALTH, SAFETY
AND SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS

Title I
MEDICAL, DENTAL
AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

Chapter I
MEDICAL AND DENTAL SERVICES
ART. 156. First-aid treatment. – Every employer shall keep in his establishment such first-aid medicines and equipment as the nature and conditions of work may require, in accordance with such regulations as the Department of Labor and Employment shall prescribe.

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BOOK FIVE
LABOR RELATIONS

Title I
POLICY AND DEFINITIONS

Chapter I
POLICY

ART. 211. Declaration of Policy. – A. It is the policy of the State:

(a) To promote and emphasize the primacy of free collective bargaining and negotiations, including voluntary arbitration, mediation and conciliation, as modes of settling labor or industrial disputes;

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BOOK SIX
POST EMPLOYMENT

Title I
TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
ART. 278. Coverage. – The provisions of this Title shall apply to all establishments or undertakings, whether for profit or not.

ART. 279. Security of tenure. – In cases of regular employment, the employer shall not terminate the services of an employee except for a just cause or when authorized by this Title. An employee who is unjustly dismissed from work shall be entitled to reinstatement without loss of seniority rights and other privileges and to his full backwages, inclusive of allowances, and to his other benefits or their monetary equivalent computed from the time his compensation was withheld from him up to the time of his actual reinstatement. (As amended by Section 34, Republic Act No. 6715, March 21, 1989).

ART. 280. Regular and casual employment. – The provisions of written agreement to the contrary notwithstanding and regardless of the oral agreement of the parties, an employment shall be deemed to be regular where the employee has been engaged to perform activities which are usually necessary or desirable in the usual business or trade of the employer, except where the employment has been fixed for a specific project or undertaking the completion or termination of which has been determined at the time of the engagement of the employee or where the work or service to be performed is seasonal in nature and the employment is for the duration of the season.

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BOOK SEVEN
TRANSITORY AND FINAL PROVISIONS

Title I
PENAL PROVISIONS AND LIABILITIES
ART. 288. Penalties. – Except as otherwise provided in this Code, or unless the acts complained of hinge on a question of interpretation or implementation of ambiguous provisions of an existing collective bargaining agreement, any violation of the provisions of this Code declared to be unlawful or penal in nature shall be punished with a fine of not less than One Thousand Pesos (P1,000.00) nor more than Ten Thousand Pesos (P10,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than three months nor more than three years, or both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court.

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